Trade in biofuels
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Information about international trade in biofuel feedstocks and products.
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Imports
- The United States now imports 10% of its ethanol. Citation needed
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Exports
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Policy
| Country | Ethanol (US$/L) | Biodiesel |
|---|---|---|
| Australia | $0.241 | |
| Brazil | $0.701 | |
| Canada | $0.501 | |
| EU | $0.101 | ad valorem duty of 6.5%2 |
| Japan | $01 | |
| New Zealand | $01 | |
| United States | $0.141 | |
| Source: 1: IEA, 2: [http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/ditcted20064_en.pdf THE EMERGING BIOFUELS MARKET:
REGULATORY, TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT IMPLICATIONS (PDF)] - UNCTAD, 2006 p. 12. | ||
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Tariffs
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Events
- 4 December 2007, Bali, Indonesia (side event at United Nations Conference on Climate Change): Towards a Strategy for Sustainable Production and Trade of Bioenergy. Organised by ICTSD and in collaboration with IEA Bioenergy Task 40 and Stockholm Environment Institute.
- From the description: "Given the divide between regions with the largest demand and those with the highest production potential, international trade in biofuels and feedstocks is expected to grow in the years to come. Several trade and policy issues arise in this context, relating to the removing of barriers to international trade and to the crafting of trade rules, but also to the broader implications for trade in agriculture and industrial products that are involved in the production and processing of biofuels....This event will bring together a panel of experts from intergovernmental organisations, government and policy research institutions to address this vast array of economic, social and environmental questions that arise as countries formulate their policies on biofuels."[1]
- 3-4 September 2008, Rio de Janiero, Brazil: Biofuels: Lessons from Brazil. (Themes: Brazil, markets, trade)
- 9-10 September 2008, Buenos Aires, Argentina: Biofuels Markets Americas. (Themes: markets, technologies, sustainability)
- 17-18 September 2008, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania: Biofuels Markets East Africa (Themes: jatropha, East Africa, markets, investment)
- 6-7 October 2008, Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Next generation biofuels markets (Themes: next generation biofuels, markets, financing, commercialization)
- 16-17 October 2008, Miami, Florida, USA: 3rd Americas Sugar & Ethanol Trade. (Themes: sugar, ethanol, trade)
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News
- Biofuel policies in OECD countries costly and ineffective, says report, 16 July 2008 press release by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD): The OECD’s report, Economic Assessment of Biofuel Support Policies (PDF file), "calls for more open markets in biofuels and feedstocks in order to improve efficiency and lower costs."[2]
- US and EU urged to cut biofuels, 7 July 2008, BBC World News: "World Bank President Robert Zoellick has called for reform of biofuel policies in rich countries, urging them to grow more food to feed the hungry."
- Biofuels Battle: Tear Down The Brazilian Wall, 1 July 2008 in the Wall Street Journal's Environmental Capital blog: "Biofuels have few friends lately. But Brazil’s biofuel industry found a big one —- U.S. Senator Richard Lugar."
- Biofuels in Brazil: Lean, green and not mean, 26 June 2008 in The Economist. The article argues that ethanol from Brazilian sugar cane is environmentally friendly and unlikely to impact food prices, and that the US should drop its tariff on imported ethanol.
- EU, US and Brazil release report on biofuels specifications to expand trade, 4 February 2008, Biopact. In order to further free trade markets in biofuels around the world, the three leading biofuels producers have put together an analysis of current biofuel specifications.
- Europe threatens trade war over US biodiesel subsidies, 22 May 2007 from The Independent. The European Biodiesel industry is claiming that the US "B99" subsidy is undercutting their industry. Particularly galling is the "splash and dash" loophole, which has allowed US traders to buy biodiesel in Europe, ship it back to the US, blend it <1% gasoline to earn the subsidy and ship it back to Europe. This is seen as undercutting both European producers as well as undercutting the greenhouse gas benefits of biofuels.
- Government claims its hands are tied over harmful biofuels 04 February 2007 from the Independent. As the UK biofuels mandate is being considered, a Government spokesman has stated that requiring biofuels to be purchased from government sources would violate WTO rules.
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Publications
- International Bioenergy Trade - scenario study on international biomass markets in 2020 (.pdf), Jussi Heinimö, Virpi Pakarinen, Ville Ojanen and Tuomo Kässi; Lappeenranta University of Technology, Research Report 181, prepared for the IEA Bioenergy Task 40, 2007.
- Biomass fuel trade in Europe Summary Report VTTR0350807 by Eija Alakangas, Antti Heikkinen, Terhi Lensu & Pirkko Vesterinen; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Eubionet.com, March 2007. This report examines the trade in solid biofuels in Europe. Currently, biomass pellets are the most traded form of biomass fuel in Europe.
- Biofuels production, trade and sustainable development: emerging issues by Anne Dufey, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), November 2006.
- International trade in biofuels: Good for development? And good for environment? by Anne Dufey, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), January 2007.
- WTO Disciplines and Biofuels: Opportunities and Constraints in the Creation of a Global Marketplace(PDF) - International Food & Agricultural Trade Policy Council, October 2006.
- Biofuels – Advantages and Trade Barriers prepared by Coelho, Suani Teixeira, UNCTAD, February 2005.
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