China
From BioenergyWiki
Bioenergy > Regions > Asia > China
| |
| Population: | 1,313,973,713 (July 2006 est.)1 |
|---|---|
| GDP (PPP): | $8.883 trillion (2005 est.)1 |
| Petroleum – consumption – imports: – Gasoline to diesel ratio: | 6.391 mil.bbl/day (2004)1 3.226 mil. bbl/day (2004)1 ??? |
| Electricity – consumption – Main sources: | 2.17 trillion kWh (2004)1 Coal 61.7%; oil 19.3%; renewables & waste 13.7%; gas 2.6%; hydro 1.9%; gas 2.6%2 |
| Renewable energy targets: | 10% of electric power capacity by 2010 (expected 60 GW)6; 16% of primary energy by 20205; 15% of transportation energy by 2020.4 |
| Ethanol – production: – target: – feedstocks: | 1.02 million tons2 50% E10 by 20103 corn (90%), wheat, cassava3 |
| Biodiesel – production: – target – feedstocks: | 100,000 - 200,000 tons (est.)4 none waste oil, jatropha4 |
| 1: World Factbook, 2: IEA, 3: Citation needed, 4:FAS USDA, 5: REN21 Global Status Report 2005, p. 22. 6:REN21 GSR 2006, p. 8 | |
Information about biofuels and bioenergy in China.
- China is the world's third-largest producer of ethanol, after Brazil and the United States. (RFA)
- As of 2006, 20% of "gasoline" consumed is actually a 10% ethanol-gasoline blend. (People's Daily Online)
- Although only 0.71% of the country's grain yield (3.366 million tons of grain) in 2006 was used for production of ethanol, concern has been expressed over potential conflicts between demands for food and fuel, as crop prices rose in late 2006.[1]
Contents |
[edit]
Events
2008:
- 9-11 May 2008, Beijing, China: 2008 China Biomass (Straw) Comprehensive Utilization Seminar & Technique and Equipment Exhibition. (Themes: biomass, straw)
- 1-20 September 2008, Yingkou, China. 2008 International Training Workshop on Technology and Utilization of Biomass Gasification. (Themes: biomass, gasification)
- 23-24 September 2008, Beijing, China: BiomassWorld 2008. (Themes: biomass)
- 23-25 September 2008, Shanghai, China: IFAT China 2008 Global Environmental Solutions (The International Trade Fair for Water, Sewage, Refuse, Recycling and Natural Energy Sources)
- 19-21 October 2008, Beijing, China: 4th World Biofuels Symposium. (Themes: biofuels, ethanol, biodiesel)
- 20-21 November 2008, Hainan, China: Sorghum & Ethanol Summit. (Themes: sorghum, ethanol)
2006:
- 10-12 October 2006, Beijing, China: Asia Biofuels Conference and Expo IV.
- 24-27 October 2006, Beijing, China: Great Wall Renewable Energy Forum. Includes a technical conference and trade show.
- 7-9 November 2006; Beijing, China: Hart's 5th Annual World Refining and Fuels Conference: Asia
[edit]
News
- Chemical Breakthrough Turns Sawdust Into Biofuel, 23 July 2008 by ABC News: "A wider of range of plant material could be turned into biofuels thanks to a breakthrough that converts plant molecules called lignin into liquid hydrocarbons."
- China and Singapore to jointly engineer dedicated energy crops, Biopact, 11 December 2007, Two scientific institutions in Singapore and China have agreed to begin joint research into developing energy rich hybrid plants. Sweet sorghum is to be a main focus.
- US and China sign biofuels cooperation pact, Biopact, 11 December 2007, The two governments have signed a memorandum of understanding that they will share technology through scientific exchanges. It is hoped that this initiative will help meet both countries' lofty goals for biofuels, and assist farmers in the process.
- China fires up biomass plants - 4 December 2007 by Reuters, reports that eight new biomass plants with a combined capacity of 200 megawatts have been launched in China by National Bio Energy Co. (a subsidiary of State Grid Corp.), "in leading grain-producing provinces in hopes of cutting carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation." The facilities "are expected to burn 1.6 million tons of stalks a year." (Keywords: biomass, carbon)
- China Holdings to build second 50MW biomass co-generation plant in Anhui, 7 November from Biopact, the CAPS II pyrolysis system will provide 50MW of power as part of China's stated goal of reaching 30GW power from biomass by 2030.
- CASP agreement to benefit biofuel producers in Mekong, 11 April 2007 from Biofuelreview.com. Agriculture ministers from 6 countries, Cambodia, China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam have endorsed the Core Agricultural Support Program, which will work toward increasing trade and investment in agriculture in the Greater Mekong Subregion. A major focus will be helping farmers reap the benefits of new energy crops and related technologies.
- Chinese Biofuels Expansion Threatens Ecological Balance, March 27, 2007 from Renewable Energy Access. A recent agreement between China's top forestry authority and one of the nation's biggest energy giants to develop biofuels plantations in the southwest may come at great environmental loss to the region's forests and biological diversity.
- China plans to plant an area the size of England with biofuel trees 8 February 2007 from China Daily. China will plant 13 million hectares, an area the size of England, with Jatropha trees to produce oil amounting to nearly 6 million tons of biodiesel every year. The jatropha trees can also provide wood fuel for a power plant with an installed capacity of 12 million kilowatts, will account for 30% of the country's renewable energy by 2010.
- Ethanol fuels hopes of China's small farmers 29 January 2007 from The Standard. Beijing's push to create more ethanol from cassava and sugar cane may benefit farmers in Guanxi, but with China already a net-importer of tapioca and sugar it is not clear that there will be enough feedstocks to go around.
- Biodiesel Sweeps China in Controversy 23 January 2007 from Renewable Energy Access. China is looking at new biodiesel feedstocks including a new variety of rapeseed, Chinese Pistachio and jatropha. However, standards and regulations are lacking and concerns over food vs fuel are growing.
- Biofuels eat into China's food stocks - 21 December 2006 from Asia Times Online. China has clamped down on the use of corn and other edible grains for producing biofuels due to concerns that it will impact on food security.
- China Clean Energy outlines plan to expand biodiesel capacity using palm oil leavings as a feedstock - 18 December 2006 from Biofuel Review.
- China halts expansion of corn-based ethanol industry to arrest food food price rise - 20 December 2006 from newKerala.com.
[edit]
Policy
- The Renewable Energy Law of the People's Republic of China - English translation of the law, which took effect 1 January 2006.
[edit]
Targets
- Target of 10% renewable energy of the country's total energy consumption by 2010. (Citation needed)
- Alternative fuels: 6 million tons by 2010 and 15 million tons by 2020.[2]
- Target of 50% use of ethanol-blended gasoline by 2010. (Citation needed)
- China has an annual production capacity of 1.02 million tons of ethanol. (source:People's Daily Online)
[edit]
Issues
Biofuel production
- Implementation of Biogas Digestion to Clean up China’s Livestock Industry and Provide Rural Energy (an Environmental Health Research Brief by the Woodrow Wilson Center) - reports on biogas projects in China, including how biogas digesters can help make use of livestock waste while providing energy in farming areas.
- This report notes that while "biogas power systems currently only account for a little over 100 MW in China, and are used mainly for cooking, lighting, and heating by individual farm households, the development of eco-agricultural systems that incorporate large-scale biogas production and animal farming is becoming a greater priority of the government", as reflected in the adoption in 2003 of a National Rural Biogas Construction Plan.[4]
[edit]
Organizations
[edit]
Regional Organizations
- Core Agriculture Support Program - A program that includes southern China and the countries of the Mekong Subregion in South-East Asia, that provides support for biofuel feedstock and other agricultural programs.
[edit]
Government Organizations
- english.gov.net is the main English language portal for the Chinese Government. Many agencies do not yet have English language pages.
China's circulars on bioenergy policy have been co-released by the following agencies:
- National Development and Reform Commission English overview of the NDRC, which is "a macro-economic regulatory department, with a mandate to develop national economic strategies". It deals with China's targets for biofuels.
- State Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA)
- Ministry of FinanceThe Ministry of Finance helps regulate subsidies and tax policy for bioenergy.
- Ministry of Agriculture (Chinese)
- State Forestry Administration (Chinese)
- State Administration of Taxation
[edit]
Government websites (English)
- Cleaner Production in China with an overview of Chinese environmental law, policy and case studies relating to cleaner production and the circular economy.
- China Climate Change Info-Net Information on laws, events, organizations and news dealing with climate change and renewable energy in China.
[edit]
Non-Government Organizations (NGOs)
[edit]
Companies
- National Bio Energy Co., Ltd. (a subsidiary of State Grid Corp.) - operator of biomass energy plants.
- China National Petroleum Corporation
- CNPC, through its subsidiary Jilin Fuel Ethanol Ltd. Co, built China's first ethanol plant using corn as a feedstock and now runs several other ethanol projects. Press Release: China's First fuel ethanol line into production in Jilin 27 November, 2003.
- China National Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs Corporation (Chinese only)
- Plans to invest more than US$1 billion in ethanol projects to increase production capacity to 3 million tons.
- Currently owns an ethanol plant in Heilongjiang Province and has a 20 percent stake in another plant in Jilin Province, both using corn as a feedstock
- The company is constructing an ethanol plant, which will use cassava as a feedstock, in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
- Is awaiting Government permission to build two 300,000-ton-per-year ethanol plants in Hebei Province, using corn and sweet potatoes, and Liaoning Province, using only sweet potatoes.
(source: Climate Change China Info-Net (.gov site))
- BBCA (Mostly Chinese) Large scale ethanol and biomass producer, using corn and cassava. Also doing research into cellulosic ethanol.
[edit]
Publications
See books, reports, scientific papers, position papers and websites for additional useful resources.
- People's Republic of China Bio-Fuels: An Alternative Future for Agriculture 2006 prepared by Kevin Latner, Caleb O'Kray, Junyang Jiang; USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, 8 August 2006.
- Environmental and Social Impact Analysis: Stora Enso Plantation project in Guangxi, China UNDP, 5 February 2006. This analyzes the social and environmental impact of a large-scale forest plantation project. Although this project is intended to supply pulp, its impacts are the same as if it were supplying bioenergy.
- Liquid Biofuels for Transportation: Chinese Potential and Implications for Sustainable Agriculture and Energy in the 21st Century (PDF file) - GTZ, 2005.
- Health, Ecological, Energy And Economic Impacts Of Integrated Agricultural Bioenergy Systems In China And Institutional Strategies For Their Successful Diffusion (pdf) by John Byrne, Young-Doo Wang, William Ritter (supervisors); Center for Energy and Environment Policy, U. of Delaware, October 2004.
| China | edit | |
| Greater Mekong Subregion | ||
| Asia | edit | |
| China | India | Indonesia | Japan | Korea (Republic of) | Malaysia | Myanmar/Burma | The Philippines | Singapore | Thailand | Vietnam Institutions: Asian Development Bank | ||
| Regions | edit | |
| Africa | Asia | Europe | Latin America and the Caribbean | Middle East | North America | Oceania & Pacific International cooperation | International organizations | ||
Categories: Asia | Countries | China
