United Kingdom

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United Kingdom
Population: 60,776,238
GDP (PPP): $1.93 trillion (2006 est.)
Petroleum
– consumption
– imports:
– Gasoline to diesel ratio:
1.827 million bbl/day
net exporter

???

Electricity
– consumption
– Main sources:
345.2 billion kWh (2004)
 ???
Renewable energy targets:  ???
Ethanol
– production:
– target:
– feedstocks:
74 mil/gal (2006)
5.75% biofuels by 2010
 ???
Biodiesel
– production:
– target
– feedstocks:
20 mil/gal (2005)
see ethanol target
 ???

Information about biofuels and bioenergy in the United Kingdom.

Contents

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Events

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Policies/Issues

  • Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation
    • Starting in 2008 the RTFO will "place an obligation on fuel suppliers to ensure that a certain percentage of their aggregate sales is made up of biofuels. The effect of this will be to require 5% of all UK fuel sold on UK forecourts to come from a renewable source by 2010."[1]
    • Renewable Fuel Certificates will be issued, which can be traded by companies.
    • Biofuel producers will have to report on the green-house gas balance, and environmental impact of their biofuels.
    • This information will be used to develop sustainability standards, which may be imposed on any extension of the RTFO.[1]
    • The July 2008 report of the Gallagher Review called for slowing down the UK's biofuels goals.
      • The review found that "The introduction of biofuels should be slowed until effective controls are in place to prevent land use change and higher food prices."[1]
      • The review recommended that "the rate of increase of the UK's biofuels target should be reduced to 0.5% per annum. Targets beyond 5% by volume should only be implemented beyond 2013/14 if biofuels are shown to be demonstrably sustainable, including avoiding indirect land-use change. These higher targets should include a specific obligation on companies to use advanced technologies."[2]
  • Small biofuel producer policy -
    • The UK is eliminating duties and permit and return requirements for people who produce less then 2,500 L/yr of biofuels.[2]
    • This will allow people to produce biofuel, most likely biodiesel, for personal use without having to deal with regulations designed for business.
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Reports/Papers

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News

  • Europe to reaffirm biofuels targets, 10 September 2008 by guardian.co.uk: "The European parliament will tomorrow reaffirm binding targets for biofuels in transport and for renewables in energy use in the face of growing political resistance."
    • "MEPs on the parliament's key industry committee will set a mandatory target of 5% of biofuels in transport by 2015, rising to 10% by 2020."
    • "They will also defy objections from several governments, including Britain, and approve in principle a system of penalties for countries which fail to meet interim targets for renewable energy."
  • Climate Camp targets biofuel site, 7 August 2008 by BBC News: "Environment demonstrators have targeted a biofuel depot in Essex as part of a week-long Climate Camp being held across the River Thames in Kent."
    • "The climate activists are concerned about the impact petrol and diesel, made from plant materials, are having on the environment."
    • "'Far from being a solution to climate change, agrofuels are so damaging they make petroleum look green,' said Climate Camp spokesman George Monbiot."[4]
  • Most biofuels fail to meet environmental standards, 8 August 2008 by MotorsToday, UK: "Less than a fifth of biofuels in UK vehicle tanks meet environmental standards, new data on the fuels shows."
    • "The first monthly report on the supply of biofuels showed that 19% met standards aimed at preventing problems such as deforestation, loss of wildlife, pollution and water contamination".
    • "The report from the Renewable Fuels Agency also showed that both the plant crop used and the country it came from are only known in slightly more than half (57%) of biofuels".
    • "It also said greenhouse gas savings of 42% on conventional fuels were achieved - but that did not take into account the possible emissions associated with "indirect" impacts such as clearing forests for cropland."
  • 'Splash and dash' hits UK biofuels firm, 9 April 2008 by the Guardian: "The enormous damage being done by "splash and dash" imports of American biodiesel were highlighted today when one of the UK's leading operators, D1 Oils, said it was closing down all its refining operations in Britain after running up a £46m loss annual loss."
    • "Splash and dash is where biodiesel is carried to the US by ship - sometimes from Europe - purely to add a drop of ordinary diesel and take advantage of public money" for refining.[5]
  • UK minister confirms backing for biofuels but highlights need for sustainabilty, 30 March 2007 from Biofuelreview.com. "While outlining the UK government's backing for the development of the biofuels sector yesterday (29th March), transport Minister, Stephen Ladyman, nevertheless highlighted the need for sustainability in the market" while speaking at a renewable fuels conference.
    • He stated that "Biofuels can offer many environmental benefits such as carbon savings, reduced air pollution and waste reduction. But we still have to recognise the dangers of destabilising land prices, over-stimulating the use of fertilisers and pesticides to grow energy crops, as well as the risks to biodiversity and soil quality."
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Organizations

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Governmental organizations

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Nongovernmental organizations

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Industry

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Companies

  • Advaced Plasma Power (UK) uses a two-stage gasification process to convert dried organic waste is into H-rich gas, which can be burnt as a power source (e.g. in cars). The remaining soot & ash can be solidified into a material stronger than granite and can be used as a building material.
  • Oxford Catalysts Plc. Company specializing in catalysts for the production of clean fuels, both biological and traditional petrochemicals.


United Kingdom edit

Events | Issues | News | Policies (Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation/RTFO, Gallagher Review)
Publications | Organizations (Companies)

Europe edit
European Union policy - European Biofuels Directive | EU member states biofuel targets
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