H2Bioil
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Bioenergy > Technologies > Thermochemical technologies > Pyrolysis > H2Bioil
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"There are three main challenges in the recently published H2CAR process [1, 2]; the estimated amount of supplementary H2 needed at 0.33kg/l of oil produced is quite large, the cost competitiveness due to the usage of a gasifier and a FT reactor and the infeasibility to transport biomass over large distances to feed large size liquid fuel plants [3, 4]. In order to reduce the levels of supplementary H2 while still providing high recoveries of biomass carbon as liquid fuel, a novel process based on the biomass fast hydropyrolysis and hydrodeoxygenation is developed: Hydrogen Bio-Oil (H2Bioil) [5]. Since all the carbon in the biomass is converted to liquid fuel in this process, only one-third the biomass needed to produce the same quantity of liquid fuel.
The H2Bioil process integrates the well understood higher efficiency and yield of a fast- pyrolysis based process with hydrogen from an external source, and is capable of producing deoxygenated oil, suitable to replace petroleum based fuels.
Thus, H2Bioil has the potential to play a major role in providing transportation fuel! In the United States with the 1 billion tons of annual sustainable biomass and solar H2, H2Bioil process has the potential to produce 8.7 million bbl/d of biofuel, providing 63% of the fuel requirement of the entire US transportation sector. This process (see fig. below), requiring only 27% of the hydrogen requirement of the H2CAR process, can be built at small to medium size and distributed over relatively short distances to avoid transportation of biomass over long distances [3, 5].
We propose to run biomass using fast-hydropyrolysis instead of the ordinary fast-pyrolysis because the presence of H2 during pyrolysis in the H2Bioil process is expected to decrease the char formation. Furthermore, Hydrodeoxygenation is essential for lowering the oxygen content of the fuel in order for these bio-oils to blend in more easily with petroleum products.
However, currently, the cost of H2 from solar or nuclear energy is quite high. Hence, during this transition period, we propose that supply of Hydrogen can be provided by integration of H2Bioil with coal gasification (H2Bioil-C) and H2bioil with Natural Gas Reforming (H2Bioil-NG).
This novel concept proposed a direct usage of hot gas from a coal gasifier or methane reformer containing H2 along with CO, CO2 and H2O to be used for fast hydropyrolysis and HDO. This has the potential to make the overall process more energy efficient and will also eliminate equipment and associated cost needed to purify H2 before the fast hydropyrolysis/HDO.
For the H2Bioil-C process, our calculations suggest that we expect to obtain an increase by a factor of 2.6 in bio-fuel production by this process! s for the H2Bioil-NG process, we present a scenario where it is synergistic to use H2 gas directly from the exhaust of steam-methane reformer for biomass fast hydropyrolysis/HDO. In this simplest version of the H2Bioil-NG process, no gas turbine, etc will be used to coproduce electricity. Our modeling calculations estimate the synergistic gain from H2Bioil-NG process will increase the yield by a factor of 1.6 as compared to stand-alone Biomass-to-Liquid (BTL) and Natural Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) processes! Therefore, H2Bioil-C and H2Bioil-NG process serves as a transition pathway for the H2bioil process when hydrogen from carbon-free energy source will be available in the future!"
Information source: https://engineering.purdue.edu/H2biomass/index.htm
Contents |
Advantages
- Potential to produce 8.7 million bbl/d of biofuel
- Sufficient to support the entire U.S. transportation sector when supplemented with plug-in hybrid cars (64km/battery charge) using electricity from carbon-free energy sources
- Process can be built at small to medium size & distributed over relatively short distance!
- High energy efficiency and high yield
- Hydrogen from external source
- Bio-oil produced suitable to replace petroleum based fuels
- A solution to store H2 as a high density fuel!
- Provides a synergistic integration while transitioning to a lower cost of H2 from solar or nuclear
Commercialization status
- This is still in the proposal and design stage.
- A patent application has been submitted.[1]
Sustainability and Environmental Concerns
- Would use substantially less land to produce the biomass, as more liquid fuel could be produced from less biomass.
Feedstocks
Feedstocks that can be used for gasification include
- Any organic material - Examples include agricultural wastes, hazardous organic wastes, and industrial wastes.
News
- Webpage for H2Bioil research group at Purdue University: https://engineering.purdue.edu/H2biomass/
Publications
See books, reports, scientific papers, position papers and websites for additional useful resources.
- Synergistic Routes to Liquid Fuel for a Petroleum Deprived Future by Rakesh Agrawal, Navneet R. Singh, AIChE Journal,55,7,1898-1905,2009
- Sustainable fuel for the transportation sector (pdf) by Rakesh Agrawal, Navneet R. Singh, Fabio H. Ribeiro, and W. Nicholas Delgass; School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Center at Discovery Park, Purdue University, PNAS published online Mar 14, 2007.
Notes
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedPurdue
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