India

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India
Population: 1,095,351,995 (July 2006 est.) 1
GDP (PPP): $3.666 trillion (2005 est.) 1
Petroleum
– consumption
– imports:
– Gasoline to diesel ratio:
2.32 million bbl/day (2003 est.) 1
2.09 million bbl/day 1

1:5 2

Electricity
– consumption
– Main sources:
519 billion kWh (2003)1
coal: 69.1%; oil: 5.4%;

nuclear: 2.5%; gas:9.5%; renewable: 13.5% (.3% biomass)(2004) 3

Renewable energy targets: 10% of added electric power capacity during 2003–2012 (expected 10 GW); 15% of power capacity, 10% of oil consumption substituted by renewable fuels, and

100% use of solar hot water in all possible applications by 20324.

Ethanol
– production:
– target:
– feedstocks:
32741 bbl/day avg.2
5% in 9 states2
molasses2 (sugar by-product)
Biodiesel
– production:
– target
– feedstocks:

20% by 20122
jatropha, karanj2
1: CIA World Factbook; 2: An Assessment of the Biofuels Industry in India, UNCTAD) 3: IEA, 4:REN21 Renewables GSR 2006 P.8.

Information about biofuels and bioenergy in India.

  • India, with the world's second largest population and rapidly growing economy, is increasingly looking to biofuels to meet its energy needs. India is currently the world's 4th largest producer of ethanol and is expanding their biodiesel industry. India also has long running projects using biogas. As well as a variety of of initiatives to use bioenergy to supply electricity, heat and light to isolated rural populations. (source: An Assessment of the Biofuels Industry in India, UNCTAD)

Contents

Events

2010:

2009:

2008:

News

  • Small-scale biofuels production holds more promise, says USAID, 21 June 2009 by BusinessMirror: "Decentralized biofuel production, or small-scale factories built on degraded or underused lands, has the potential to provide energy to half a billion people living in poverty in rural Asia."
    • " The report, Biofuels in Asia: An Analysis of Sustainability Options…focused on China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. It analyzed key trends and concerns and highlighted sustainability options for biofuel production."
    • "Compared with large-scale biofuels production, small-scale biofuels production for local use may deliver greater social benefits, including improvement of rural livelihoods, support of local industries, and a lower tendency toward exploitation of workers and co-opting of land from indigenous peoples."
  • Power plants - The slow ripening of India’s biofuel industry, 18 September 2008 by The Economist: The article introduces a village growing jatropha "under the watchful eye of D1-BP Fuel Crops, a joint venture between D1 Oils, a British biofuels firm, and BP, an energy giant."
    • It notes that "the world is being asked to digest big claims for this poisonous plant. It will help meet the world’s demand for fuel, without crowding out the world’s supply of food. It will regenerate dry and denuded soils, and create jobs for impoverished farmers. India accounts for about two-thirds of the world’s jatropha plantations."
    • To meet the new national biofuel usage goal of 20% of diesel use in 2017 to come from biofuels, "will mean setting aside 14 [million] hectares of land" although "jatropha now covers less than 500,000 hectares."
    • "But sceptics say these crops take too long to bear fruit and their yield is unreliable."[1]
  • India sets new biofuel target, risks food price row, 11 September 2008 by Reuters UK: "India aims to raise blending of biofuels with petrol and diesel to 20 percent within a decade, threatening a revival of the food-versus-fuel debate."
    • "'An indicative target of 20 percent blending by 2017 may be kept, both for bio-diesel and bio-ethanol,' the government said in a statement on Thursday."
    • "Higher use of biofuels will intensify the debate on the use of farmland for fuel in India, and encourage farmers to reduce grain cultivation for food, said T.K. Bhaumik, an economist with Assocham, a leading business chamber."
    • "While the use of ethanol has been introduced successfully in India, the use of bio-diesel has not taken off and many Indian companies have shelved plans to invest in related projects."[2]
  • India to unveil bio-fuel policy in March , 1 February 2008 by Sify business, reports that India's government plans to issue a policy on biofuels in early March. The Biodiesel Industry Association says that "[F]armers are reluctant to undertake plantation of jatropha on a large scale to meet the feedstock requirement of bio-diesel plants in the absence of policy guidelines from the central government," and that facilities "are unable to run at their rated capacities due to feedstock shortage." Sources say that India has thirty million hectares of unused land that is suitable for jatropha and other crops for biofuels.
  • India to establish a center for Energy Biosciences , 1 February 2008 India's Department of Biotechnology has set aside the equivalent of $6.1 million U.S. and hopes to raise another $4 million to establish a first Center of Energy Biosciences at the University Institute of Chemical Technology in Mumbai.
  • India plans new biofuel mission, 11 April 2007 from Monstersandcritics.com. India is planning a new biofuel plan with a focus on jatropha and karanj. The first phase would cover 400,000 ha and the second 11.2 million ha of land. There are challenges to implementation, including the reluctance of farmers to invest in a crop like jatropha that doesn't yield seeds until the third year.

Issues

  • India's president has said that the country plans to produce 60 million tonnes of biodiesel per year by 2030 or roughly 1.2 million barrels of oil equivalent (BOE) per day. (source: biopact)
  • India's food needs preclude using food crops for fuel. So the main candidate for bio-fuels are non-edible tree-oils, like jatropha and karanj, which can grow on marginal land.

States

For information on bioenergy in the States and Union Territories of India, click here: India - States and Union Territories.

International cooperation activities

Organizations

Governmental organizations

Nongovernmental organizations

  • The Andhyodaya - An Indian NGO that does ferro cement technology, rain water harvesting and biogas plants.

Companies

Industry associations

Publications

See books, reports, scientific papers, position papers and websites for additional useful resources.

Websites

  • Agropedia - "a comprehensive, seamlessly integrated model of digital content organization in the agricultural domain." Focused on India. Lead organization is ICRISAT.
  • Indic View - Blog on Alternate Energy and the Indian Infrastructure and Energy Scene.


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Institutions: Asian Development Bank

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